The concept of sovereignty in the 21th century acquires a new sense and substance. The right of sovereignty is a priority of democratic countries. In democratic states, sovereignty is held by the citizens. This is known as popular sovereignty through the election of representatives to the government.
In international law sovereignty is defined as the legitimate exercise of power and the interpretation of international law by state, promoting and respect for human rights and fundamental freedom for all without distinction, individual accountability for war crimes and crimes against humanity. Sovereignty means that the state authorities are responsible for the functions of protecting the safety and lives of its citizens, and promotion of their welfare. The national political authorities are responsible to their citizens internally and to international community through the UN.
In case the state fails to carry out these responsibilities, the responsibility to protect falls on the international community acting through the UN, even if enforcing it requires infringing on the state sovereignty. Thus the principle of nonintervention yields to the international responsibility to protect. The redefinition of sovereignty to include a duty to protect human rights has been paralleled with the appreciation and codification of individual accountability for human rights, states have a duty to investigate, prosecute or extradite individual perpetrators. Again, if they fail and are unable or unwilling to do so, other states, the UN, and the international community can step forward instead. It becomes a thing of the past, when dictators could cover their crimes referring to sovereignty.
In a free democratic state the government is elected by the people by means of free and just elections and serves them to satisfy their requirements for well-being and safety. The basic functions, carried out by the government are the following:
To ensure human rights, peace, safety, lead internal and external politics, maintain the army, court of justice and order in the country
To guarantee public education of the young generation, financing all stages of school training
To guarantee healthcare for all citizens and full financing, which combined with education should ensure the formation of top-level intellect and productivity of working citizen in industry, science and service spheres
To guarantee effective management of the limited machinery of state of all other spheres of service to the country's population
To guaranty the development of the country's infrastructure.
Taking into consideration the limited possibility of influence on the private economy, it supposed to release the president of the country from the responsibility for the state of the economy, finance and employment in the private sphere of economic activities.
All other branches of industry and spheres of service for the population are the prerogative of private economy and finance and priority of capitalistic free market, which should be responsible for constant growth of the economy, its finance and maximum employment in the sphere of production and service for the country's population.
In order to lead and regulate the activities of the private sector in the sphere of economics and finance it is advisable to create a special organization: Financial-Commerce-Industry Commission, financed by this sector, to whom to impose the duty of production and trade of consumer goods and services in the country and beyond.
There is a possibility when a president simply doesn't cope with his duties, particularly when the question is the safety of the people, or the misbehavior of international safety. If that is so, the president should act responsible and resign. If this does not happen, the parliament, guided by the interest of the people, should decide the question of his impeachment.
Obvious examples of unfit presidents are: Syria, North Korea, and Iran. In Syria the president leads a war with his own people for more than 5 years. During this period were murdered 270,000 human beings. Many million citizens left the country and become refugees. The whole country is destroyed. The president, who is responsible for all this is a war criminal. Did the UN take any measures against this president? Not yet. Similar leaders preside in North Korea and Iran. These countries unfortunately are members of the United Nations. They cover their criminal acts by referring to sovereignty.
Only the implementation of the responsibilities of sovereignty law of all countries and a through control of international community, in the face of the United Nations, will ensure the political protection of all citizens.
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The main problem that should right away be decided appears to be the fair distribution of income in the private sector of economy. It is known that at the new arising of capitalism, the proprietors risked their capital, spending it on equipment, materials, pay salaries to workers. After the realization of products they have the right to get the full profit. Inequality in income at that time can be understood.
changed. This is because public corporations are collective property.
Corporate America is the best example of an economic system in the world. USA has a high rate of new business starts, it breeds a constant flow of new high impact firms, the kind that create value and stimulate growth by bringing new ideas to the market, be new technologies, new business methods, or simply new and better ways of performing routine tasks.
To maintain the rate of growth of production, there is a need of additional investment of capital. The prominent capitalist doesn't want to risk his money. As a consequence the contemporary economy decided to issue public companies stock, to accumulate large funds necessary for investment in developing new products and the expansion of existing ones.
This creating in essence altered the economical system of the USA into a "people's capitalism". By investing their savings and pension funds in stocks, working people expect to get a share of corporate profits in addition to their earnings. It is reasonable that such profits go hand in hand with some risk of failure within a few companies. Besides, they help corporations fulfill their needs for a constant increase of production.
These stock prices need to reflect the results of the public companies activities and fluctuate within the boundaries of collected profit(losses) for every stock. As a result, the price of a stock becomes a derivative of fluctuating profits. Over a long term, stock prices rise in line with earnings per share. The profit(losses) of companies reflect a complete and final result of their activities, taking into consideration the quantity and quality of production, its sales, productivity, cost price and other economical, political and social changes for a corresponding period.
Therefore, it is unacceptable that the daily abrupt not well-founded ups and downs can scare away investors from buying stocks. Stocks are not goods, but valuable papers, which reflect the accumulation of profits on a definite date. The price of a stock should be determined by the public companies by means of book-keeping calculations, by adding the profit of a given quarter divided by the amounts of shares, to the price of the stock from the time when the stock was issued, i.e. initially public offering. Thus not the stock market, but the public corporations set the price of their stock, and bear the responsibility of their substantiation. One would think that such organization of the stock exchange satisfies the requirements of capital investment. In reality, the stock market operates on an order established 200 years ago, I.e. the price of a stock is what somebody is ready to pay for it. This way the traders(speculators) enrich themselves on the stock market on the account of volatile movements of stock prices. They make money when the prices go up and down, by means of increased frequency of buys and sells. The investment business is a giant scam; it deletes billions of dollars every year in transaction cost. They artificially violate the balance of supply and demand (that doesn't apply to stocks),so they can make every day billions of dollars, enriching themselves on the backbone of ordinary investors. For the average investor this is certainly a scam. They know that big investors manipulate the market.
Market forces can accomplish wonderful things, but cannot ensure a distribution of income, that enables all citizen to meet basic economic needs. To pretend that nothing changed from the time of the start of capitalism - is to put a brave face on a sorry business.
The CEOs of corporations, which are the same employees like all others, take away a big share of corporate profits(about 30-50 millions as premiums and bonuses) and for all that they don't risk at all with their capital. This is frankly spoken a robbery of the company, the workers and shareholders. This has to come to an end.
The new situation in the 21st century requires a new approach to the distribution of income. Under the new existing condition it is necessary to establish new norms promoting the implementation of necessary economical requirements of all levels of the population. Wages should be coordinated with the results of productivity of labor and inflation. It is necessary to establish an order of distribution of profits by public corporations.
The concrete definition of a correlated percentage should be worked out by a scientific-research institute. However, it seemed to us, that it is advisable to distribute profits exemplary, in the following way:
for scientific research and development - 50%for financial incentives of members of corporations - 25%for dividends for stock shareholders - 25%
The collectives of company's workers should get awarded for yearly results. The premiums end bonuses for CEOs, CFOs and other leading personnel can be of any reasonable dimension, but should be coordinated with the final results of corporations, not for a year, but for a five year period.
In addition it is unreasonable to expect a fair distribution of income among the population until the deceptive practice of market price determination is in hands of speculators. The stabilization of prices together with recommended distribution of profits referring to our affirmation is equivalent to establishing justice in income distribution, which equivalents to establishing a new phase of capitalism where all levels of the population makes use of the advantage of the capitalistic and democratic systems, smoothing over contradiction in the distribution of income.
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